ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: During childhood and adolescence, there are significant increases in bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). OBJECTIVE: To investigate physical growth parameters associated with BMD and BMC among children and adolescents diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in Florianópolis, Brazil, among 63 children and adolescents (aged 8-15 years) diagnosed with HIV. METHOD: BMD, BMC and fat percentage z score were evaluated using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Age/height z score and body mass index (BMI)/age z score were obtained in accordance with international recommendations, and bone age was obtained through hand-wrist radiography. Sex, family income, information on HIV infection (T CD4+ lymphocyte count, viral load and type of antiretroviral therapy, moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior) were used as adjustment variables in the analyses. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed, with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Subtotal BMD (without the head region) was directly associated with bone age, BMI/age z score and fat percentage z score, even after adjusting for covariates. Subtotal BMC/height was directly associated with bone age, height/age z score, BMI/age z score and fat percentage z score, even after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: Subtotal BMD and subtotal BMC/height were directly associated with physical growth indicators among children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Studies that test associations between anthropometric indicators and insulin resistance (IR) need to provide better evidence in the context of the pediatric population (children and adolescents) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as anthropometric indicators present a better explanation of the distribution of body fat. OBJECTIVE: To test the associations between anthropometric indicators and insulin resistance (IR) among children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on 65 children and adolescents (8-15 years) infected with HIV through vertical transmission conducted at the Joana de Gusmão Children's Hospital, Florianópolis, Brazil. METHODS: The anthropometric indicators measured were the abdominal (ASF), triceps (TSF), subscapular (SSF) and calf (CSF) skinfolds. The relaxed arm (RAC), waist (WC) and neck (NC) circumferences were also measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the relationship between body mass and height. IR was calculated through the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates (sex, bone age, CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes, viral load, and physical activity), associations between IR and models with SSF and CSF remained. Each of these explained 20% of IR variability. For females, in the adjusted analyses, direct associations between IR and models with ASF (R² = 0.26) and TSF (R² = 0.31) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: SSF and CSF in males and ASF and TSF in females were associated with IR in HIV-infected children and adolescents.

RESUMO Introdução: A densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e o conteúdo mineral ósseo (CMO) variam dependendo do esporte praticado e região corporal, e sua medição pode ser uma forma eficaz de prever riscos para a saúde ao longo da vida de um atleta. Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos metodológicos (mensuração dos parâmetros ósseos, regiões corporais, erros de precisão e covariáveis) e comparar a DMO e o CMO por região corporal (corpo total, membros superiores, membros inferiores e tronco) em atletas universitários de diferentes modalidades esportivas. Métodos: A busca foi realizada nos bancos de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, SportDiscus, LILACS e SciELO. Foram selecionados estudos que: (1) compararam a DMO e o CMO de atletas que praticam pelo menos dois esportes; (2) usaram absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia (DXA) para avaliar os parâmetros ósseos e (3) com foco em atletas universitários. Os dados extraídos foram local do estudo, seleção dos participantes, sexo dos participantes, esporte praticado, tipo de estudo, parâmetros ósseos, modelo DXA, software utilizado, varredura e regiões corporais, erro de precisão, protocolo de precisão, covariáveis e comparação de parâmetros ósseos entre esportes por região do corpo. Resultados: Os principais resultados foram: 1) DMO como parâmetro ósseo mais investigado; 2) corpo total, coluna lombar e parte proximal do fêmur (principalmente colo do fêmur) como as regiões corporais mais estudadas; 3) embora não seja recomendado, o coeficiente de variação foi o principal indicador de erro de precisão; 4) massa corporal total e estatura como covariáveis mais usadas; 5) nadadores e corredores têm valores mais baixos de DMO e CMO e 6) especula-se que jogadores de basquete e ginastas têm maior potencial osteogênico. Conclusões: Nadadores e corredores devem incluir exercícios de sustentação de peso na rotina de treinamento. Além da massa corporal e da estatura, outras covariáveis são importantes. Os resultados desta revisão podem ajudar a orientar estratégias de intervenção focadas na prevenção de doenças e problemas de saúde durante e depois da carreira esportiva. Nível de evidência II, Revisão sistemática.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) vary depending on the type of sport practiced and the body region, and their measurement can be an effective way to predict health risks throughout an athlete’s life. Objective: To describe the methodological aspects (measurement of bone parameters, body regions, precision errors and covariates) and to compare BMD and BMC by body region (total body, upper limbs, lower limbs and trunk) among university athletes practicing different sports. Methods: A search was performed on the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, SportDiscus, LILACS and SciELO. Studies were selected that: (1) compared BMD and BMC of athletes practicing at least two different sports (2) used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess bone parameters (3) focused on university athletes. The extracted data were: place of study, participant selection, participants’ sex, sport practiced, type of study, bone parameters, DXA model, software used, scan and body regions, precision error, precision protocol, covariates and comparison of bone parameters between different sports by body region. Results: The main results were: 1) BMD is the most investigated bone parameter; 2) total body, lumbar spine and proximal femur (mainly femoral neck) are the most studied body regions; 3) although not recommended, the coefficient of variation is the main indicator of precision error; 4) total body mass and height are the most commonly used covariates; 5) swimmers and runners have lower BMD and BMC values; and 6) it is speculated that basketball players and gymnasts have greater osteogenic potential. Conclusions: Swimmers and runners should include weight-bearing exercises in their training routines. In addition to body mass and height, other covariates are important. The results of this review can help guide intervention strategies focused on preventing diseases and health problems during and after the athletic career. Level of evidence II; Systematic Review.

RESUMEN Introducción: La densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y el contenido mineral óseo (CMO) varían en función del deporte practicado y de la región corporal, y su medición puede ser una forma efectiva de predecir los riesgos para la salud a lo largo de la vida de un atleta. Objetivo: Describir los aspectos metodológicos (medición de parámetros óseos, regiones corporales, errores de precisión y covariables) y comparar la DMO y el CMO por región corporal (cuerpo total, miembros superiores, miembros inferiores y tronco) en atletas universitarios de diferentes deportes. Métodos: La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, SportDiscus, LILACS y SciELO. Se seleccionaron estudios que: (1) compararon la DMO y el CMO de atletas que practicaban al menos dos deportes; (2) utilizaron la absorciometría de rayos X de doble energía (DXA) para evaluar los parámetros óseos y (3) se centraron en atletas universitarios. Los datos extraídos fueron: ubicación del estudio, selección de los participantes, sexo de los participantes, deporte practicado, tipo de estudio, parámetros óseos, modelo de DXA, software utilizado, escaneo y regiones corporales, error de precisión, protocolo de precisión, covariables y comparación de parámetros óseos entre deportes por región corporal. Resultados: Los principales resultados fueron: 1) DMO como el parámetro óseo más investigado; 2) cuerpo total, columna lumbar y parte proximal del fémur (principalmente cuello femoral) como las regiones corporales más estudiadas; 3) aunque no se recomienda, el coeficiente de variación fue el principal indicador de error de precisión; 4) la masa corporal total y la altura fueron las covariables más utilizadas; 5) los nadadores y corredores presentan valores más bajos de DMO y CMO; 6) se especula un mayor potencial osteogénico en jugadores del baloncesto y gimnastas. Conclusiones: Los nadadores y corredores deben incluir ejercicios con pesas en su rutina de entrenamiento. Además de la masa corporal y la altura, otras covariables son importantes. Los resultados de esta revisión pueden guiar las estrategias de intervención centradas en la prevención de enfermedades y problemas de salud durante y después de la carrera deportiva. Nivel de evidencia II, Revisión Sistemática.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Low bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) have been identified in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents. The direct adverse effects of HIV infection and combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) negatively contribute to bone metabolism. A direct relationship between muscle strength levels and BMD in HIV-infected adults and older adults has been described. However, it is unknown whether handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with bone mass in pediatric populations diagnosed with HIV. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether HGS levels are associated with BMC and BMD in HIV-infected children and adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in Florianãpolis, Brazil, in 2016. METHODS: The subjects were 65 children and adolescents (8-15 years) diagnosed with vertically-transmitted HIV. Subtotal and lumbar-spine BMC and BMD were obtained via dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HGS was measured using manual dynamometers. The covariates of sex, ART, CD4+ T lymphocytes and viral load were obtained through questionnaires and medical records. Sexual maturation was self-reported and physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Simple and multiple linear regression were used, with P < 0.05. RESULTS: HGS was directly associated with subtotal BMD (β = 0.002; R² = 0.670; P < 0.001), subtotal BMC (β = 0.090; R² = 0.734; P = 0.005) and lumbar-spine BMC (β = 1.004; R² = 0.656; P = 0.010) in the adjusted analyses. However, no significant association was found between HGS and lumbar-spine BMD (β = 0.001; R² = 0.464; P = 0.299). CONCLUSION: HGS was directly associated with BMD and BMC in HIV-infected children and adolescents.

RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo identificar e sumarizar evidências referentes à avaliação dos níveis de força muscular (FM) em crianças e adolescentes escolares (≤ 19 anos) no Brasil, com o intuito de atualizar as evidências publicadas anteriormente pelo projeto Report Card Brazil. A busca sistemática das informações foi conduzida em sete bases de dados, restrita aos estudos publicados durante o período de Janeiro de 2018 a Dezembro de 2019. Treze estudos foram incluídos, o que reuniu informações de 10.135 crianças e adolescentes de sete estados brasileiros. Diferentes testes/protocolos para avaliar a FM foram identificados, contudo, a força de preensão manual foi o teste mais empregado pelos estudos (53,8%). A prevalência de crianças e adolescentes que apresentavam níveis de FM considerados saudáveis foi de 29,8% considerando a totalidade de informações, e 27,6% para os meninos e 31,8% para as meninas. Considerando a totalidade de dados revisados pelo projeto Report Card Brazil (informações analisadas neste estudo em adição aos anteriormente publicados), o corpo de informações referente a avaliação dos níveis de FM em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil foram advindas de pesquisas conduzidas durante o período de 2010 a 2019, o que reuniu amostra de 15.208 crianças e adolescentes (sete a 19 anos). De acordo com estas informações, a prevalência de crianças e adolescentes que apresentavam níveis de FM considerados saudáveis nesse período foi de 57,8%, sendo que no sexo masculino foi de 61,1% e no sexo feminino de 58,8%.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to identify and summarize evidence regarding muscle strength (MS) levels in school children and adolescents (≤ 19 years) in Brazil in order to update previously published evidence from the Report Card Brazil project. The systematic search for information was conducted in seven databases, restricted to studies published during the period from January 2018 to December 2019. Thirteen studies were included, which gathered information from 10,135 children and adolescents from seven Brazilian states. Different tests/protocols for assessing MS were identified, however, handgrip strength was the test most adopted in studies (53.8%). The prevalence of children and adolescents with MS levels considered healthy was 29.8%, considering the totality of information, and 27.6% for males and 31.8% for females. Considering full data reviewed by the Report Card Brazil project (data analyzed in this study in addition to those previously published), information regarding the assessment of MS levels in children and adolescents in Brazil came from studies conducted during the period from 2010 to 2019, which included a sample of 15,208 children and adolescents (aged 7-19 years). According to this information, the prevalence of children and adolescents with MS levels considered healthy in this period was 57.8%, 61.1% for males and 58.8% for females.

resumo O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma atualização das evidências brasileiras sobre a prevalência de crianças e adolescentes que atenderam aos critérios de saúde para aptidão aeróbia. Essa revisão sistemática integra o Projeto Report Card Brasil e a busca foi restrita aos estudos publicados durante o período de Janeiro de 2018 a Dezembro de 2019 em nove bases de dados eletrônicas. Estudos com diferentes delineamentos, os quais permitiram extrair informações acerca da prevalência de crianças e adolescentes que atenderam aos critérios de saúde para a aptidão aeróbia (idade até 19 anos ou com média de idade até 19 anos) foram incluídos. Estudos publicados a partir de 2020 não foram incluídos por conta do possível efeito da pandemia nesse indicador e por não haver uma certeza de quando finalizará a pandemia. Do total de 694 estudos inicialmente identificados, 13 estudos com informações de 14.673 crianças e adolescentes foram incluídos após a leitura de títulos, resumo, textos completos e referências. A prevalência de crianças e adolescentes que atenderam aos critérios de saúde para aptidão aeróbia foi de 26.9% (29,7% para as meninas; 44,6% para os meninos). Nessa busca, oito pontos de corte distintos para determinar níveis adequados de aptidão aeróbia foram utilizados, bem como cinco testes foram empregados para se determinar a aptidão aeróbia. Analisando-se os dados da presente revisão com a revisão sistemática anterior desse projeto, um terço das crianças e adolescentes do Brasil atendem aos critérios de saúde para aptidão aeróbia.

abstract The aim of the study was to update Brazilian evidence on the prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness. This systematic review is part of the Report Card Brazil Project and the search was restricted to studies published during the period from January 2018 to December 2019 in nine electronic databases. Studies with different designs, which allowed extracting information about the prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness (age up to 19 years or average age up to 19 years) were included. Studies published from 2020 were not included due to the possible effect of the pandemic on this indicator and because there is no certainty as to when the pandemic will end. Of the 694 studies initially identified, 13 studies with information of 14,673 children and adolescents were included after reading titles, abstracts, full texts and references. The prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness was 26.9% (29.7% for girls; 44.6% for boys). In this search, eight different cutoff points were used to determine adequate aerobic fitness levels and five tests were used to determine aerobic fitness. Analyzing data from the present review with the previous systematic review of this project, one third of children and adolescents in Brazil meet health criteria for aerobic fitness.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os atravessamentos de gênero nas práticas pedagógicas e nas brincadeiras de uma turma de “Maternal 3”, evidenciando as expectativas acerca dos comportamentos de meninos e meninas. Como estratégia de coleta de dados, adotaram-se, privilegiadamente as observações com registro em diário de campo; processo que teve a duração de seis meses. Além disso, de forma complementar, foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas com a professora e auxiliar de ensino da turma, bem como com a diretora e coordenadora pedagógica da escola. A análise dos dados se deu por meio dos procedimentos da Análise de Conteúdo. Evidenciou-se que gênero produziu práticas pedagógicas normativas que tentaram invisibilizar os sujeitos que se desviavam do centro. Essa invisibilidade pareceu necessária para reforçar as relações de poder que estiveram presentes nas rotinas e atravessaram as práticas pedagógicas, direcionando os alunos aos seus “devidos locais”.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to analyze gender crossings in the pedagogical practices and playtime activities in a nursery group - "Maternal 3”, highlighting what was expected from boys and girls in regard to their behavior. As a data collection strategy, semi-structured interviews and observation, in which notes were taken and registered in a journal, were the methods adopted. This process took six months. It was evident that gender produced normative pedagogical practices which tried to make invisible the subjects who deviated from the center. This invisibility seemed necessary to reinforce the power relations that were present in the routines and crossed the pedagogical practices, keeping the students in “their places".

ABSTRACT Purpose: to provide an integrative review of the current evidence on the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing performing procedures and analysis parameters in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Methods: the study question followed the PECO strategy, and the search was performed in Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases, using keywords and specific free terms. Two authors screened eligible articles published from 2013 to October 2021 and extracted data on fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing performing procedures and analysis parameters in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Literature Review: of the 1,570 articles initially identified, 14 were eligible. There was no consensus on the consistency, volume, and type of food, utensils, sequence, and number of repetitions of each task during the exam. The analysis parameters, when described, were distinct. Although with different classification criteria, the observation of pharyngeal residue, laryngeal penetration, and laryngotracheal aspiration was included in all studies. Conclusion: fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing performing procedures and analysis parameters are not standardized in studies with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients.

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício físico tem sido considerado um importante tratamento não farmacológico para diminuir a sensação de cansaço, as dores, a baixa autoestima e o aumento da massa corporal em indivíduos com diagnóstico de câncer. Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre fadiga, qualidade de vida e níveis de atividade física em pacientes oncológicos submetidos à quimioterapia. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal. A amostra foi composta por 85 pacientes adultos em tratamento oncológico em hospital universitário. A atividade física foi avaliada pelo IPAQ, a fadiga e a qualidade de vida, pelos questionários PFS e EORTC QLQ-C30, respectivamente. Foram empregados os testes t de Student e Exato de Fisher para identificar diferenças entre os pacientes fisicamente ativos e pouco ativos para as variáveis de fadiga e qualidade de vida. Adicionalmente, foi empregada a análise de covariância (ANCOVA) em que foram testados modelos simples (desfecho e exposição) e ajustados (idade, tempo de diagnóstico e tipo de câncer). Resultados: Participaram do estudo 85 pacientes com câncer e média de 51,78 anos de idade (± 11,72). A maioria era do sexo feminino e pouco ativa fisicamente. Pacientes classificados como fisicamente pouco ativos apresentaram maiores escores de “fadiga total” (p = 0,01), “comportamental” (p = 0,01), “afetiva” (p = 0,02) e fadiga psicológica/sensorial (p = 0,04), em comparação com pacientes fisicamente ativos (p=0,01). Os pacientes classificados como fisicamente pouco ativos tinham pior qualidade de vida nas dimensões: qualidade de vida “geral” (p = 0,05) e “funcional” (p = 0,04), “apetite” (p = 0,02), “insônia” (p = 0,02), “diarreia” (p = 0,04), “fadiga” (p = 0,01), “dor” (p = 0,01) e “náuseas” (p = 0,03) quando comparados com os pacientes fisicamente ativos, em ambas as análises, simples e ajustada. Conclusão: A prática da atividade física durante o tratamento pode ser um fator determinante para aumentar a qualidade de vida e reduzir a fadiga em pacientes com câncer, minimizando os efeitos adversos da quimioterapia. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo retrospectivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise has been considered an important non-pharmacological treatment for reducing tiredness, pain, low self-esteem and increases in body mass in individuals diagnosed with cancer. Objective: To verify the relationship between fatigue, quality of life and levels of physical activity in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 85 adult patients undergoing cancer treatment at a university hospital. Physical activity was assessed by the IPAQ, and fatigue and quality of life by the PFS and EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaires, respectively. Student's t and the Fisher's Exact tests were used to identify differences between active and physically inactive patients for the variables fatigue and quality. Additionally, covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used, in which simple (outcome and exposure) and adjusted models (age, time of diagnosis and type of cancer) were tested. Results: The study included 85 cancer patients, with a mean of 51.78 years of age (±11.72). Most were female and not physically active. Patients classified as physically inactive had higher scores for “total fatigue” (p=0.01), “behavioral” (p=0.01), “affective” (p=0.02) and psychological/sensory fatigue (p=0.04), compared to the physically active patients (p=0.01). Patients classified as physically not very active presented poorer quality of life in the dimensions: “overall” quality of life (p=0.05) and “functional” (p=0.04), “appetite” (p=0.02), “insomnia” (p=0.0 2), “diarrhea” (p=0.04), “fatigue” (p=0.01), “pain” (p=0.01) and “nausea” (p=0.03), when compared to the physically active patients in both analyses; simple and adjusted. Conclusion: The practice of physical activity during treatment can be a determining factor for increasing quality of life and reducing fatigue in cancer patients, minimizing the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Level of evidence II; retrospective study.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio físico ha sido considerado un importante tratamiento no farmacológico para disminuir la sensación de cansancio, los dolores, la baja autoestima y el aumento de la masa corporal en individuos con diagnóstico de cáncer. Objetivo: Verificar la relación entre fatiga, calidad de vida y niveles de actividad física en pacientes oncológicos sometidos a quimioterapia. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal. La muestra fue compuesta por 85 pacientes adultos en tratamiento oncológico en hospital universitario. La actividad física fue evaluada a través de IPAQ, la fatiga y la calidad de vida, por los cuestionarios PFS y EORTC QLQ-C30, respectivamente. Fueron empleados los tests t de Student y Exacto de Fisher para identificar diferencias entre pacientes físicamente activos y poco activos para las variables de fatiga y calidad de vida. Adicionalmente, fue empleado el análisis de covariancia (ANCOVA) en el que fueron testeados modelos simples (resultado y exposición) y ajustados (edad, tiempo de diagnóstico y tipo de cáncer). Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 85 pacientes con cáncer y promedio de 51,78 años de edad (± 11,72). La mayoría era del sexo femenino y poco activa físicamente. Los pacientes clasificados como físicamente poco activos presentaron mayor puntuación de “fatiga total” (p = 0,01), “comportamental” (p = 0,01), “afectiva” (p = 0,02) y fatiga psicológica/sensorial (p = 0,04), en comparación con pacientes físicamente activos (p = 0,01). Los pacientes clasificados como físicamente poco activos tenían peor calidad de vida en las dimensiones: calidad de vida “general” (p = 0,05) y “funcional” (p = 0,04), “apetito” (p = 0,02), “insomnio” (p = 0,02), “diarrea” (p = 0,04), “fatiga” (p = 0,01), “dolor” (p = 0,01) y “náuseas” (p = 0,03), cuando comparados con los pacientes físicamente activos en ambos análisis, simples y ajustados. Conclusión: La práctica de actividad física durante el tratamiento puede ser un factor determinante para aumentar la calidad de vida y reducir la fatiga en pacientes con cáncer, minimizando los efectos adversos de la quimioterapia. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio retrospectivo.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o índice de massa corporal [IMC], dobra cutânea do tríceps (DCTR), subescapular (DCSE) e gordura corporal (%GC) em atletas de ginástica rítmica (GR), satisfeitas e insatisfeitas com a imagem corporal (IC), Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, com 38 atletas praticantes de GR do Oeste Paranaense. A IC foi avaliada com o Body Shape Questionnaire, a massa corporal e a estatura foram aferidas e o IMC calculado. As DCTR e DCSE foram utilizadas para o cálculo do %GC (equação de Slaughter). O nível econômico foi verificado com o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil e a maturação sexual foi autorreferida com pranchas de Tanner. Foi empregado Teste T independente, Qui-quadrado e análise de covariância (ANCOVA) controlando a interferência do nível econômico e do estágio maturacional, com p<0,05. Ginastas insatisfeitas com a IC apresentaram maiores valores de IMC (média: 19,01 Kg/m2; desvio-padrão [DP]: 0,65 Kg/m2), DCTR (média: 9,26 mm; DP: 0,65 mm), DCSE (média: 7,33 mm; DP: 0,55 mm) e %GC (média: 20,75; DP: 0,96), quando comparadas às ginastas satisfeitas com a IC, mesmo após o controle do nível econômico e do estágio maturacional. Atletas de GR insatisfeitas com a IC apresentaram maiores valores para os indicadores antropométricos.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare body mass index [BMI], triceps skinfold (DCTR), subscapular skinfold (DCSE) and body fat (%BF) in rhythmic gymnastics (GR) athletes, satisfied and dissatisfied with body image (CI). Through a cross-sectional study with 38 athletes practicing GR from Oeste Paranaense. The CI was assessed with the Body Shape Questionnaire, body mass and height were measured, and the BMI was calculated. The DCTR and DCSE were used to calculate the %GC (Slaughter equation). The economic level was verified with the Brazil Economic Classification Criterion, and sexual maturation was self-reported with Tanner boards. Independent T-test and Chi-square and covariance analysis (ANCOVA) were employed to control the interference of economic level and maturational stage, with p <0.05. Gymnasts dissatisfied with HF presented higher BMI values (mean: 19.01 Kg/m2; standard deviation [SD]: 0.65 Kg/m2), DCTR (mean: 9.26 mm; SD: 0, 65 mm), DCSE (mean: 7.33 mm; SD: 0.55 mm) and %BF (average: 20.75; SD: 0.96) when compared to gymnasts satisfied with HF, even after control economic level and maturational stage. GR athletes dissatisfied with HF presented higher values for anthropometric indicators.

Abstract: This article aims to analyze the procedural consequences that the recent jurisprudence of the Supreme Court may have on the structure of the protection remedy, as it is understood as an extraordinary remedy. In addition, the effects of the decisions of the Constitutional Court and the possibility of their control through the aforementioned protection remedy are analyzed.

Resumen: El presente artículo pretende analizar las consecuencias procesales que puede acarrear la jurisprudencia reciente de la Corte Suprema en la estructura del recurso de protección, al ser comprendido como recurso extraordinario. Además, se analizan los efectos de las decisiones del Tribunal Constitucional y la posibilidad de su control por vía del mencionado recurso de protección.

Abstract Aims: The objective was to estimate the prevalence and the factors of behaviors of provocation and control of the weight associated with dissatisfaction with the body image among adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 580 adolescents (11 to 17 years old) from Criciúma, Brazil. The body image was evaluated by the silhouettes scale and the behaviors of provocation and weight control by questionnaires. A multinomial logistic regression was used (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Of the total number of adolescents, 48.6% were dissatisfied with being overweight (male 47.9%, female 49.3%) and 22.9% dissatisfied with thinness (male 23.8%, female 22.1%). Male adolescents who were dissatisfied with being overweight were more likely to be joked and laughed at because of their appearance and lower chances of being nicknames due to their size or body weight, while those who were unsatisfied with being thin were more likely to joke and laughter because of the appearance, compared to satisfied. Female adolescents who were dissatisfied with being overweight were more likely to be laughed at because they were uncoordinated and without food for 24 h, while those who were unsatisfied with being thin were less likely to be joking and laughing because of their appearance and higher chances to be the targets of laughter because they are uncoordinated, compared to those that are satisfied. Conclusion: The dissatisfaction with body image was associated with different behaviors of provocation and weight control according to sex.

ABSTRACT: This article focuses on the study of judicial cognition and res judicata, and in particular, its formation in summary constitutional procedures of protection. The problem that arises is whether the definitive final decision in the constitutional protection action prevents renewing the debate in a subsequent process, through the exception of res judicata, the decisive being covered with the quality of immutability, in its material aspect. Within this perspective, the specific point is whether there is a relationship between the evidence produced in the trial and the formation of res judicata, and in having it, how this relationship is applied in summary constitutional procedures of protection. The interest and relevance of their study is not only dogmatic, but above all practical, because there still persists in the doctrine and jurisprudence an erratic understanding about res judicata in the constitutional actions of protection.

RESUMEN: El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de la cognición judicial y la cosa juzgada, y en especial, su formación en los procedimientos constitucionales sumarísimos de protección. El problema que se plantea es si la sentencia definitiva firme en la acción constitucional de protección impide renovar el debate en un proceso ulterior, por medio de la excepción de cosa juzgada, revistiéndose lo decidido con la calidad de inmutabilidad en su aspecto material. Dentro de esta perspectiva, el punto específico es si existe relación entre la prueba producida en juicio y la formación de la cosa juzgada, y habiéndola, cómo se aplica esta relación en los procedimientos constitucionales sumarísimos de protección. El interés y la relevancia de su estudio no es solamente dogmático, sino sobre todo práctico, pues aún persiste en la doctrina y jurisprudencia una comprensión errática sobre la cosa juzgada en las acciones constitucionales de protección.

RESMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores sociodemográficos, de atividade física e da aptidão física associados à flexibilidade. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 909 adolescentes (486 meninas) de 14 a 19 anos da cidade de São José, Santa Catarina, Brasil. A flexibilidade foi avaliada por meio do teste de sentar e alcançar. Os dados sociodemográficos e de atividade física foram levantados por meio de questionário autoadministrado. A força muscular foi analisada por meio da dinamometria manual. A aptidão aeróbia foi analisada por meio do teste canadense modificado de aptidão aeróbia, enquanto a atividade física foi avaliada por questionário. Utilizou-se regressão linear múltipla para identificar as variáveis associadas à flexibilidade, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Verificou-se que a cada centímetro a mais nos níveis de flexibilidade nas meninas, os meninos tiveram 2,94 cm a menos de flexibilidade. Ademais, o incremento de 0,12 kg/força nos níveis de força muscular aumentou em 1 cm os níveis de flexibilidade. Conclusões: Menores níveis de flexibilidade estiveram associados aos adolescentes do sexo masculino. Além disso, menores níveis de flexibilidade foram diretamente associados aos adolescentes que apresentavam menores níveis de força.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify sociodemographic, physical activity, and physical fitness factors associated with flexibility. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 909 adolescents (486 girls) aged 14 to 19 years from the city of São José, Santa Catarina, Brazil. To evaluate flexibility, we used the sit and reach test. Sociodemographic and physical activity data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. We analyzed muscle strength with manual dynamometry. Aerobic fitness was assessed with the modified Canadian aerobic fitness test, and physical activity with a questionnaire. We used multiple linear regression to identify the variables associated with flexibility, with a significance level of 5%. Results: For each additional centimeter in the girls’ levels of flexibility, the boys were 2.94 cm less flexible. In addition, the increment of 0.12 kg/force in muscle strength levels increased the levels of flexibility in 1 cm. Conclusions: Lower levels of flexibility were associated with male adolescents and with reduced strength levels.